the festival of reason (12. 870)

On this feast of Saint Monitor, fifth century bishop of Orléans of whom nothing is known, Pope Leo I, also active during the mid-four-hundreds, called the Great and a diplomat perhaps best remembered for his embassy with Attila the Hun that successfully persuaded him to turn back his armies and not invade Italy, and many others, revolutionary France declared a national Fête de la Raison on this day in 1793 (An II, 20. Brumaire), organised by humanist philosopher Antoine-François Momoro under the Cult of Reason, as a state-sponsored atheistic religion to replace the Catholic church (a policy of agnosticism and god-building or la construction de dieu as a surrogate as opposed to outright abolition), which was seen as a major catalyst for the uprising, arguing that deifications of such ideas as liberty and truth diminished the autonomy and self-determination of the individual. Former houses of worship were transformed into Temples of Reason, stripped of icons and idols—the largest event hosted in Notre Dame in Paris. Women dressed in togas and tricolour sashes of the republic tended a symbolic flame on the altar representing the values of the First Republic. Described by detractors with the lurid hallmarks of Roman excess and misplaced ritual, the holiday did not see a repeat, supplanted with the rival tradition, slightly more deistic and promoted by jurist and statesman Maximilien Robespierre with the Cult of the Supreme Being. Both sects were banned by Napoleon Bonaparte with the Law on Cults of 18 Germinal, Year X—re-privileging the old order.

we call that delegation of authority (12. 869)

First in print on this day in 1961, the debut novel of Joseph Heller, often cited as one of the most significant literary works of the twentieth century, follows the narratives of fighter pilots and bombaries of a US army airforce squadron based on an island off the west coast of Italy during the waning years of World War II, struggling to maintain sanity and professional bearing while fulfilling increasingly elusive service requirements in order to be discharged and reintegrated back home. Relayed with a unique, non-chronological third person omniscient voice to develop separate perspectives and forward the plot along with the timeline for the course of events. Replete with paradox and flashback and shifting points-of-view, the antihero Captain John Yossarian comes to fear his commanding officers more than the enemy as the required number of combat missions keep increasing and though Yossarian once met that prerequisite, the requirement is retroactively raised, and cannot escape due to contradictory rules and conditions—the bureaucratic rule never stated fully, if it is even in written regulation, follows the illogic that one can be deemed unfit to fly by reason of insanity—incapacity demonstrated by willingness to participate—but as one has to apply to be excused from further mission, the appeal itself betrays a sound mind and self of self-preservation, refuting the reason for being grounded. With parallel themes of theodicy and why a benevolent god would allow evil in the world, Heller’s working title was Catch-18, referencing the the Hebrew letter and symbol chai (חַי ) which in Jewish numerology, gematria—assigning a number value to each letter—this sort of secret message to piece together being more prominent in earlier drafts, signifies being alive, but publishers Simon & Schuster urged the author to change it to avoid confusion Leon Uris’ recent Mila 18 and seventeen also rejected for its proximity to another contemporary in Stalag 17. Twenty-two encoded as tav—truth—as the last letter of the alphabet and the doubling (picked by the editors) evokes the feeling of déjà-vu and disjointedness with episodes replayed again and again from different angles.

unga resolution 3379 (12. 868)

Adopted by the United Nations’ General Assembly on this day in 1975, the infranational body determined that Zionism was a form of racial discrimination a year after taking up the Question of Palestine and inviting the Palestine Liberation Organisation at seat at the table (see previously) in the milieu of the declaration of 1963 to eliminate all forms of racism, which had condemned the nationalist and expansionist policies of the Israeli government. Despite notable abstentions, the measure passed, though ultimately rescinded in 1991, in hope of forwarding the peace process and respecting boundaries drawn up in 1948 with the original partition of the UN mandate. Resolution 46/86 revoked the previous designation, raised under pressure from the United States and Israel, saying that the UN was not in keeping with its role and founding mission in challenging Israel’s right to exist. The rescission was later welcomed by Secretary Kofi Annan, living with the legacy of apartheid, calling the stance from a half-century ago deplorable and antisemitic.

synchronoptica

one year ago: assorted links to revisit (with synchronopticæ), the Bear of California plus Trump’s grievances

twelve years ago: The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock illustrated, observing evolution plus a trip to Mainz

thirteen years ago: parts of speech and other systems of classification 

fourteen years ago: EU financial integration 

fifteen years ago: quantitative easing plus Germany’s rejection of nuclear power

seventeen years ago: a tour of local castles 

duces wild (12. 867)

Having gotten his political start as secretary of the labour party in for the city of Trento in Sud Tirol under the Austro-Hungarian empire with an editorial role with the partisan newspaper, L’Avvernire del Lavoratore (The Future of the Worker), Benito Mussolini was eventually deported back to Italy for several incendiary essays but not before having the opportunity to publish several pieces of his own academic and creative writing works around 1910—fancying himself to be quite the well rounded intellectual, with travelogues, literary theory and even a serialised romanzo storico, L’amante del Cardinale. Possibly ghost-written and loosely based on a historic papal affair and scandal from the seventeenth century, the lurid novel was a violent, anti-clerical invective and though tripled circulation for the publication, it was forgotten just as quickly as Mussolini trajectory barrelled towards fascism (compare to the water-colours aspirations of Adolf Hitler) but was compiled and reissued in 1928 in English translation as a sort of curiosity of purple prose—during the interbellum, many in UK and the US extending approval and tacit tolerance for Mussolini’s efforts to modernise and stabilise the country (dissolving and unifying the Papal States, the Pope was confined to the Vatican—see previously here and here) and its north African colonies despite his authoritarian tendencies, but some, particularly in academic circles, were less charitable and recognised the author for what he was. Dorothy Parker (previously) was especially biting with her criticism and saw right through the pretence. More from Print Magazine’s Daily Heller at the link up top.

give into the vibes (12. 866)

Coined this February by OpenAI Andrej Karpathy as a machine-aided solution for those wanting to create a bespoke programme yet never learned the basics of coding—which admitted on a certain level is the sort of in-group jargon that keeps the out-group out but are also instructions that computers understand—allowing users to become transcendental and forget that the underlying code even exists, vibe coding was selected by Collins Dictionary as their WotY for 2025—see previously. As with other forms of rocket-surgery, going with one’s untempered intuition and trusting the machine does not always achieve the desired outcome and the requester would not have the skills to edit or debug something that came close. Other terms on the shortlist included Henry, an acronym for “high-earner, yet not rich,” micro-retirement for a work sabbatical, aura farming, clankers and broligarcy.

9x9 (12. 865)

amor fati: Fredrich Nietzsche’s philosophy (previously) of passing on engagement can break the cycle of polarisation without becoming disengaged and nihilistic 

the memes of production: the internet reacts to Zohran Mamdani’s mayorial win in New York City  

unpaving paradise: an urban greening game to optimise replacing parking spaces in Berlin with trees  

№: why number is English is abbreviated n-o 

no springs: a hypnotic video of manufacturing robots politely waiting their turn in the assembly process—see also  

alive internet theory: a seance with the vibrant web and all its expressive artefacts against the countervailing argument it has become overrun by bots—see also—via Waxy 

gathering wool: online apparel retailers in China employ oversized hangtags to curb high return rates  

hatch act violation: US federal judge rules administration overstepped its bounds by inserting partisan blaming into furloughed government employees’ out-of-office autoreplies  

bleak outlook: astronomical survey deposits galaxy could be riddled with the artefacts of long dead alien civilisations that could avoid destroying themselves—we suppose that depends on what sort of religion they develop—see also, see previously—via MetaFilter

synchronoptica

one year ago: a monument to the Armenian diaspora (with synchronopticæ), the Carrington count, backstage customs plus US presidential numbering

fourteen years ago: food and drink prohibited plus Inventors’ Day

grendel’s mom (12. 864)

We very much appreciated the introduction to artist and wordless novelist Lynd Ward through the lens of his 1939 hand-tinted woodcuts for his graphic novelisation (pioneering the genre) of the classic tale of Beowulf. Also working with the media of lithography and mezzotint, Ward was inspired to take up illustration when a teacher pointed out to him that his surname was “draw” backwards whilst recuperating at sanitarium for tuberculosis patients ay Sault Ste Marie in Ontario and honed his skill as an engraver. Settling in Leipzig with a scholarship, he first encountered picture books that were able to convey a narrative without captions and upon returning to New York City developed his portfolio for commission, first in an adaptation of Japanese folk tales.

A series of three classics brought out by Heritage Press in the late 1930s awarded to Ward also included The Count of Monte Cristo and Les Misérables fully established his credentials, avoided by the mainstream publishers for a time over depictions of racial injustice for earlier illustrations referencing slave trade and lynchings, though Ward’s work never shied away from taboo and subversive themes. Similar to the hortatory opening of Homer’s Iliad “Sing, Goddess, Achilles’ rage,” the Old English epic poem starts with the invocation Hwæt!—listen to my story.  Although preferring to work in monotone, the contrast of hot and cold colours for the heroic legend really demonstrate Ward’s mettle.

little big town (12. 863)

Though a bit of an inconvenience to have to go into the next bigger Marktstadt outside of the village for any kind of shopping, it always pays off in spades, by sheer dint of concentration of attractions there and spots for a nice wander, even on a foggy day: 

Ostheim vor der Rhön has the Altstadt lining the main road with several mills, manors, breweries and bottlers and fortified church, an organ museum and manufacturer and a castle ruin with tower above—plus a lot more. We had visited the ensemble of Celtic hill graves (Hügelgraben) right down the road from the grocery store several times but hadn’t before now hiked up to the top which hosts a model aircraft runway—opposite the higher summit that has a glider Flügplatz—see also. 

The grove of maples at the top of the hill is known as the Sporkhöhe and has a monument dedicated to silk merchant Kaspar Friedrich Sporck. A native of Ostheim and having learned the art of passementerie—elaborate braidwork trimmings for clothing and furnishings—from his father, made a sizeable fortune in Rouen. Sporck married his business partner Marie Catherine Leprince and remained in France, although visiting his hometown nearly every year, always bringing remittances for support of the poor. 

The couple passing away at an advanced age in the early 1890s, they established a philanthropic foundation (Stiftung) for the town, underwriting an elementary school, the general welfare of the town and a hospital, then hosted in the Gothic Schloß Hanstein, presently the organ museum from above.